Continuum of Educational Theories

Humanism: As a Humanist, I believe in humanity and compassion. This theory is focused upon rationality and reality. The primary focus of this was to respect individuals and to create a compassionate environment. This can be used in a manner related to religion or knowledge. The idea is that the role of the individual is to promote wide spread human welfare.

Perennialism: The notion of the universal. It is dependent upon culture, yet does not necessarily require direct recognition. This has been the foundation of Hinduism, and it is believed that all individuals model some form of this theory, regardless of whether they are aware.

Essentialism: These are considered essential ideas that all must live by. In education, learning consists of traditional learning styles and subjects, with limited room for discussion or open ended topics. The subjects of essentialism are generally math, literature, science and history.

Behaviorism: This theory states that environment controls behavior, thus behavior is maintainable and manageable by the teacher.

Positivism: This theory states that all knowledge is based in positive evidence and reinforcement. This is generally applied in science.

Progressivism: Here we begin to enter the theory that humans are social animals. Students are encouraged to work in pairs and to develop their thinking with peers. Students are permitted to build upon one another.

Reconstructionism: Again, socialization is highly encouraged. Students are encouraged to build upon one another and is aimed at creating a better society.

Constructivism: This theory suggests that individuals learn through experience. This theory has been debated.